Prior to 1997, awards made in Mainland China were enforced in Hong Kong on the strength of the New York Convention, of which the United Kingdom extended its application to Hong Kong with effect from 21 April 1977. After unification, the New York Convention was no longer applicable to the enforcement of Mainland awards in Hong Kong. In order to alleviate the problems arising from the cross-border enforcement of arbitral awards, the Supreme People’s Court and the Hong Kong Government signed the Arrangement Concerning the Mutual Enforcement of Arbitral Awards between the Mainland and Hong Kong SAR (the "Arrangement") in 1999 for mutual enforcement of arbitral awards. In order to perform the Arrangement, amendments have been made to the Arbitration Ordinance by introducing a new Division 3 in Part 10 for the enforcement of Mainland awards.

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